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第899回 Distroboxを使えば、他のディストリビューションの最新パッケージをUbuntuでも気軽に試せる | gihyo.jp
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This project aims to bring any distro userland to any other distro supporting podman, docker, or lilipod.
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Compatibility / Containers Distros
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$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS Release: 24.04 Codename: noble $ uname -srvmpio Linux 6.8.0-111-generic #111-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Sat Apr 11 23:16:02 UTC 2026 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
ã³ã³ãããŒã©ã³ã¿ã€ã ã¯Dockerã䜿ããŸãã
$ docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 29.4.2 API version: 1.54 Go version: go1.26.2 Git commit: 055a478 Built: Fri May 1 10:24:01 2026 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Context: default Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 29.4.2 API version: 1.54 (minimum version 1.40) Go version: go1.26.2 Git commit: d329809 Built: Fri May 1 10:24:01 2026 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: v2.2.3 GitCommit: 77c84241c7cbdd9b4eca2591793e3d4f4317c590 runc: Version: 1.3.5 GitCommit: v1.3.5-0-g488fc13e docker-init: Version: 0.19.0 GitCommit: de40ad0
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ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«æ¹æ³ã¯OSã®ããã±ãŒãžãcurlãŸãã¯wgetïŒbashãªã©ããããŸãããcurlïŒbashã§ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããããšã«ããŸãã
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$ apt show distrobox Package: distrobox Version: 1.7.0-1 Priority: optional Section: universe/admin Origin: Ubuntu Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com> Original-Maintainer: Michel Lind <michel@michel-slm.name> Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug Installed-Size: 323 kB Depends: podman | docker.io, uidmap Homepage: https://distrobox.it/ Download-Size: 79.9 kB APT-Sources: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/universe amd64 Packages Description: Another tool for containerized command line environments on Linux Use any Linux distribution inside your terminal. Distrobox uses podman or docker to create containers using the Linux distribution of your choice. Created container will be tightly integrated with the host, allowing to share the HOME directory of the user, external storage, external usb devices and graphical apps (X11/Wayland) and audio.
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$ curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/89luca89/distrobox/main/install | sudo sh
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$ distrobox --version distrobox: 1.8.2.5
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$ distrobox --help distrobox version: 1.8.2.5 Choose one of the available commands: assemble create enter list | ls rm stop upgrade ephemeral generate-entry version help $ distrobox help distrobox version: 1.8.2.5 Choose one of the available commands: assemble create enter list | ls rm stop upgrade ephemeral generate-entry version help
Quick StartãèŠãŠãå°ãåãããŠã¿ãŸãã
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$ distrobox create -n test
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Image registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora-toolbox:latest not found. Do you want to pull the image now? [Y/n]:
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Creating 'test' using image registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora-toolbox:latest
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Creating 'test' using image registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora-toolbox:latest [ OK ] Distrobox 'test' successfully created. To enter, run: distrobox enter test Successfully copied 704B (transferred 2.56kB) to /tmp/test.os-release
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$ distrobox enter test Starting container... [ OK ] Installing basic packages...
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Starting container... [ OK ] Installing basic packages... [ OK ] Setting up devpts mounts... [ OK ] Setting up read-only mounts... [ OK ] Setting up read-write mounts... [ OK ] Setting up host's sockets integration... [ OK ] Integrating host's themes, icons, fonts... [ OK ] Setting up distrobox profile... [ OK ] Setting up sudo... [ OK ] Setting up user groups... [ OK ] Setting up user's group list... [ OK ] Adding user... [ OK ] Ensuring user's access... [ OK ] Container Setup Complete!
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$ cat /etc/os-release NAME="Fedora Linux" VERSION="44 (Toolbx Container Image)" RELEASE_TYPE=stable ID=fedora VERSION_ID=44 VERSION_CODENAME="" PRETTY_NAME="Fedora Linux 44 (Toolbx Container Image)" ANSI_COLOR="0;38;2;60;110;180" LOGO=fedora-logo-icon CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:44" DEFAULT_HOSTNAME="fedora" HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/" DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/f44/" SUPPORT_URL="https://ask.fedoraproject.org/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/" REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora" REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=44 REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora" REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=44 SUPPORT_END=2027-05-19 VARIANT="Toolbx Container Image" VARIANT_ID=toolbx
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$ uname -srvmpio Linux 6.8.0-111-generic #111-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Sat Apr 11 23:16:02 UTC 2026 x86_64 unknown unknown GNU/Linux
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$ docker container ls CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 07b8ce42d5cc registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora-toolbox:latest "/usr/bin/entrypointâŠ" 3 minutes ago Up 2 minutes test
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$ distrobox list ID | NAME | STATUS | IMAGE 07b8ce42d5cc | test | Up 2 minutes | registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora-toolbox:latest
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$ distrobox stop test Do you really want to stop test? [Y/n]: y test $ distrobox list ID | NAME | STATUS | IMAGE 07b8ce42d5cc | test | Exited (143) 3 seconds ago | registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora-toolbox:latest
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$ distrobox rm test Do you really want to delete containers: test? [Y/n]: y Removing container... test Removing exported binaries... $ distrobox list ID | NAME | STATUS | IMAGE
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$ distrobox create --help distrobox version: 1.8.2.5 Usage: distrobox create --image alpine:latest --name test --init-hooks "touch /var/tmp/test1 && touch /var/tmp/test2" distrobox create --image fedora:39 --name test --additional-flags "--env MY_VAR-value" distrobox create --image fedora:39 --name test --volume /opt/my-dir:/usr/local/my-dir:rw --additional-flags "--pids-limit 100" distrobox create -i docker.io/almalinux/8-init --init --name test --pre-init-hooks "dnf config-manager --enable powertools && dnf -y install epel-release" distrobox create --clone fedora-39 --name fedora-39-copy distrobox create --image alpine my-alpine-container distrobox create --image registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora-toolbox:latest --name fedora-toolbox-latest distrobox create --pull --image centos:stream9 --home ~/distrobox/centos9 distrobox create --image alpine:latest --name test2 --additional-packages "git tmux vim" distrobox create --image ubuntu:22.04 --name ubuntu-nvidia --nvidia DBX_NON_INTERACTIVE=1 DBX_CONTAINER_NAME=test-alpine DBX_CONTAINER_IMAGE=alpine distrobox-create Options: --image/-i: image to use for the container default: registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora-toolbox:latest --name/-n: name for the distrobox default: my-distrobox --hostname: hostname for the distrobox default: ubuntu-desktop --pull/-p: pull the image even if it exists locally (implies --yes) --yes/-Y: non-interactive, pull images without asking --root/-r: launch podman/docker/lilipod with root privileges. This is the only supported way to run with root privileges. Do not use "sudo distrobox". If you need to specify a different program (e.g. 'doas') for root privileges, use the DBX_SUDO_PROGRAM environment variable or the 'distrobox_sudo_program' config variable. --clone/-c: name of the distrobox container to use as base for a new container this will be useful to either rename an existing distrobox or have multiple copies of the same environment. --home/-H: select a custom HOME directory for the container. Useful to avoid host's home littering with temp files. --volume: additional volumes to add to the container --additional-flags/-a: additional flags to pass to the container manager command --additional-packages/-ap: additional packages to install during initial container setup --init-hooks: additional commands to execute at the end of container initialization --pre-init-hooks: additional commands to execute at the start of container initialization --init/-I: use init system (like systemd) inside the container. this will make host's processes not visible from within the container. (assumes --unshare-process) may require additional packages depending on the container image: https://github.com/89luca89/distrobox/blob/main/docs/useful_tips.md#using-init-system-inside-a-distrobox --nvidia: try to integrate host's nVidia drivers in the guest --platform: specify which platform to use, eg: linux/arm64 --unshare-devsys: do not share host devices and sysfs dirs from host --unshare-groups: do not forward user's additional groups into the container --unshare-ipc: do not share ipc namespace with host --unshare-netns: do not share the net namespace with host --unshare-process: do not share process namespace with host --unshare-all: activate all the unshare flags below --compatibility/-C: show list of compatible images --help/-h: show this message --no-entry: do not generate a container entry in the application list --dry-run/-d: only print the container manager command generated --verbose/-v: show more verbosity --version/-V: show version --absolutely-disable-root-password-i-am-really-positively-sure: â ïž â ïž when setting up a rootful distrobox, this will skip user password setup, leaving it blank. â ïž â ïž Compatibility: for a list of compatible images and container managers, please consult the man page: man distrobox-compatibility or run distrobox create --compatibility or consult the documentation page on: https://github.com/89luca89/distrobox/blob/main/docs/compatibility.md
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Compatibility / Containers Distros
Debian 13ïŒtrixieïŒã«ããŸããã
$ distrobox create -i quay.io/toolbx-images/debian-toolbox:13 -n my-debian
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$ distrobox enter my-debian -- cat /etc/os-release PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)" NAME="Debian GNU/Linux" VERSION_ID="13" VERSION="13 (trixie)" VERSION_CODENAME=trixie DEBIAN_VERSION_FULL=13.4 ID=debian HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/" SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/" VARIANT_ID=container $ distrobox list ID | NAME | STATUS | IMAGE dbe5066a8c78 | my-debian | Up About a minute | quay.io/toolbx-images/debian-toolbox:13
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$ sudo apt update [sudo] password for user: user is not in the sudoers file.
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$ distrobox create -i quay.io/toolbx-images/debian-toolbox:13 -n my-debian -r
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$ distrobox-host-exec bash --version $ echo $? 127
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$ sudo apt install x11-apps $ xeyes
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$ distrobox create -i quay.io/toolbx-images/debian-toolbox:13 -n my-debian --hostname my-debian
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$ distrobox create -i quay.io/toolbx-images/debian-toolbox:13 -n my-debian --hostname my-debian --init
Using init system inside a distrobox
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$ sudo apt install apache2 $ sudo systemctl start apache2 $ curl -I localhost HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Mon, 04 May 2026 12:58:09 GMT Server: Apache/2.4.66 (Debian) Last-Modified: Mon, 04 May 2026 12:52:47 GMT ETag: "29cf-650fd6851f0ec" Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 10703 Vary: Accept-Encoding Content-Type: text/html
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$ distrobox create -i [ã€ã¡ãŒãžå] -n [distroboxå] --hostname [ãã¹ãå] --init --additional-packages 'systemd'
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Create a distrobox with a custom HOME directory
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$ distrobox create -i quay.io/toolbx-images/debian-toolbox:13 -n my-debian --hostname my-debian --home /opt/distrobox/user/home
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Mount additional volumes in a distrobox
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$ distrobox create -i quay.io/toolbx-images/debian-toolbox:13 -n my-debian --hostname my-debian --home /opt/distrobox/user/home --volume /opt/distrobox/user/custom:/opt/custom
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$ docker container inspect my-debian | jq '.[0].HostConfig.Binds' [ "/dev:/dev:rslave", "/sys:/sys:rslave", "/dev/null:/dev/ptmx", "/etc/resolv.conf:/etc/resolv.conf:ro", "/dev/null:/run/.distrobox.rootless:ro", "/etc/hosts:/etc/hosts:ro", "/tmp:/tmp:rslave", "/usr/local/bin/distrobox-export:/usr/bin/distrobox-export:ro", "/:/run/host/:rslave", "/usr/local/bin/distrobox-init:/usr/bin/entrypoint:ro", "/usr/local/bin/distrobox-host-exec:/usr/bin/distrobox-host-exec:ro", "/home/user:/home/user:rslave", "/etc/hostname:/etc/hostname:ro" ]
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